This document is aec350, a publication of the department of agricultural education and communication, florida cooperative extension service. Many different agricultural extension models have been utilized in developing countries in order to bring about rural development. A comparison of extension methods used by different agricultural extension service providers in nyandarua county, kenya 3 practices that help poor people and the environment. Current concepts and approaches in agricultural extension in.
Agricultural extension is an important tool for rural development, especially in less industrialized counties extension workers play a vital role in educating farmers to produce better crops and more productive animals at lower cost. These methods are more useful for making people aware of the new agricultural technology quickly. This document is aec350, a publication of the department of agricultural education and communication, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural sciences, unversity of florida. The earliest known records on information and advice to farmers are those inscribed on clay tablets and hieroglyphs found in ancient mesopotamia and egypt dating back to 800. Extension teaching methods concept extension teaching methods are the devices used to create situations in which communication can take place between the instructor and learner some of the most commonly used methods are given below. Agricultural extension is a service or system which assists farm people, through educational procedures, in improving farming methods and techniques. Newly formed nations, the rural population of which formerly maintained a subsistence agriculture with limited industry, found it essential to establish a betterbalanced economy.
Agricultural extension agriculture is the main occupation of the individuals. Extension methods food and agriculture organization. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Aed 302 teaching methods in agriculture course description. Educational methods for extension programs 2 integrative. Selecting extension teaching methods pdf the journal of.
This booklet has been written to help you in your teaching of adults, whether you are an extension worker or instructor in agriculture or health and nutrition or. The extension teaching methods and aids, are great importance in agricultural extension work, they are. The new edition continues to present basic principles which can be applied to all situations, but has been revised to take account of the changes that. They provide an opportunity for group based learning, can stimulate group development and cooperation between farmer s, and are a costeffective means of delivering extension messages. A concept of agricultural extension widely used in fao is one included in the fao publication agricultural extension. The basic philosophy of agricultural extension was established in the more highly developed countries over the past century. A national study by yun ho shinn a dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy major agricultural education agricultural extension education. This research project specifically looked at 96 farmers learning preferences and 21 cooperative extension agents and specialists instructional methods. Characteristics of pakistani farmers, farming problems and solutions thereof. Extension agents and specialists use a variety of methods for teaching content and processes that enhance farmer learning and adoption of new practices.
Abstract agricultural extension is consensually agreed to be an information delivery system that ensures effective flow of ides between the extension worker and the farmer, as well as the correct application of the new ideas by the farmers. Full text of extension teaching methods and other factors. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the delivery of information inputs to farmers. Teaching methods in extension should be selected care fully and. Jul 24, 2018 professor section of extension education s. The extension teaching methods and aids, are great importance in agricultural extension work, they are the channels and tools used in clarifying the ideas and new agricultural technologies, as well as transferring. Introduction to agricultural extension lecture four 4 extension teaching methods thursday 20022014 2. Providing a clear and concise framework for teaching and problem solving in agricultural education, the new edition of methods of teaching agriculture is a necessary text for any teaching methods course. Current concepts and approaches in agricultural extension. It includes a comprehensive examination of theory and research in guiding principles for how students learn best. Postindependence extension and rural development programmes lesson 6. Current extension service models, what works and what does.
Agricultural extension services worldwide have been under increasing pressure to become more effective and more responsive to clients, and less costly to the governments. The course focuses on teaching strategies and methods that engage all students in. This led to a variety of rural services and institutions, including agricultural. These changes are accompanied by falling donor and government support for aet institutions, with disruption of training programmes and loss of experienced teaching staff. Improving their knowledge of new techniques and technologies, in addition to providing them with any physical resources necessary for implementation, can dramatically increase the. Kasetsart university, thailand, 1956 a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in. Pesson, the plan of work, in the cooperative extension. Aeee 2002 coaching and contest in agricultural and extension education 3 total semester hours.
Importance of agricultural extension evidence from many countries show that agricultural extension is a propoor public investment. Individual methods of extension group methods of extension types of group extension methods. Kasetsart university, thailand, 1956 a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in agriculture in the department of agricultural economics we accept this thesis as conforming to the. Teaching strategies, their use and effectiveness as perceived by teachers of agriculture. In kenya, numerous approaches have been tried with varying success.
This chapter outlines the main extension methods which can be used and contains some guidance on how to choose appropriate methods for different target groups. In the absence of such published material and organized training programs on the subject, this. There are several extension methods in use today geared at. Methods of teaching agriculture, 3rd edition pearson. The extension agent meets the farmer at home or on the farm and discusses issues of mutual interest, giving the farmer both information and advice. Teaching strategies, their use and effectiveness as. Agricultural extension teaching, learning process and methods is a second semester course. The extension method should be suitable for farmers, the participants.
The agricultural extension methods and their applicability to. Full text of extension teaching methods and other factors that influence adoption of agricultural and home economics practices see other formats. For example, a method demonstration might be the most appropriate way to show a group of farmers how to graft mango. The centres vision is a rural transformation in the developing countries where the use of trees in agri. These methods allow the learner to clarify, discuss, and gain a greater understanding of the information. Brief historyrecent trends in agricultural extension. Using visual aids in extension presentations1 tracy s. Agricultural education and communication extension methods. With special reference to southeast asia by somsala jeerapandh b. Free outlines of extension methodologies for transfer of agricultural technology communication communication models forms of communication extension programme planning principles of programme planning monitoring and evaluation of. Role of private sector in agricultural development.
Extension methods and approaches in the previous topic we discussed about how the conditions of ict infrastructure in rural areas is improving in ethiopia and elsewhere in africa even if it is starting how to exploit the available opportunity for eextension. There are several extension methods in use today geared at achieving this goal. Designed to be of use in preservice and inservice education courses, this text deals with the foundations for methods of teaching agriculture, applications of learning, the special needs of unique. A further challenge is the low recruitment of women as both teachers and trainees in aet institutions. Agricultural extension methodology a reference manual asapg001 cp1 1 2 it is not known where or when the first extension activities took place. The essential role of an extension worker is to create effective learning situations. The role of agricultural education in improving the. The extension method should be appropriate to the subject, or message. Requires a certain amount of showmanship not possessed by all extension workers. Levels of use and importance of extension methods and aids in. The extension teaching methods and aids, are great importance in agricultural extension work, they are the channels and tools used in clarifying the ideas and new agricultural technologies, as well as transferring innovations to a wide and diversified audience of farmers 18,7,6,5.
Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. Definition of extension methods the ways or techniques used by an extension system to influence its target groups the extensionteaching methods are tools and techniques used to create situations in which communication can take place between rural people and extension workers. Agricultural extension services an overview sciencedirect. Extension methods and their relative effectiveness agecon search. Extension methodologies for transfer of agricultural technology language. The agricultural extension methods and their applicability. Extension education in agricultural and rural development. Teaching strategies, their use and effectiveness as perceived. Teaching methods in agriculture course description and goals the primary goal 0f the course is to prepare students in methods of teaching for agricultural and environmental education to k12 students. Levels of use and importance of extension methods and aids. Doc classification of extension teaching methods madhan. Organizational setup of agricultural extension at provincial level. A reference manual for extension agents was compiled as one of the need based activities identified and agreed upon in the pdm of asap.
A comparison of extension methods used by different. Indeed, the best form of extension teaching is one when the learners are learning on their own. Individual or facetoface methods are probably the most universally used extension methods in both developed and developing countries. Extension teaching methods ruforum institutional repository. Agricultural extension is the term used to describe the process by which rural people are persuaded to adopt improved farming methods to improve crop and livestock productivity. The learners gained increased indepth knowledge of a topic. Extension methodologies for transfer of agricultural. Extension provides a critical support service for rural producers meeting the new challenges. Ppt extension teaching methods hudu zakaria academia. Pdf agricultural extension approaches to enhance the. Free outlines of extension methodologies for transfer of agricultural technology communication communication models forms of communication extension programme planning principles of programme planning monitoring and evaluation of extension programme extension teaching. Sri lanka has been no exception as seen by the various past attempts to reform the extension system for effective dissemination of agricultural technology to farmers.
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